Outline
`Thesis:Video games have come a long way, the entertaining history of this digital craze is key in understanding how video games operate. In this current day and age video games are incredibly advanced and realistic, however technology is always advancing and video games advance with it. Although some are against the idea, in a few years it is possible society will be able to enjoy complete virtual reality.
- Topic: Video Game designers
- 2A. Sound design has many components, including score composition, voice acting, and the sounds of multiple objects.
- 3A. Multiple writers and writing is involved in game design.
- 4A. Some games take years to complete with a whole crew of people working on them.
- 5B. Video game designers use a combination of technology, science, engineering, mathematics, and design to complete games.
- 6B. Average game designer salary is $90,060 per year.
- 7B. Employment in software developing is projected to grow 22% in 2012-2022.
- 8B. Video game designers also create games for the mobile, education, and web design industry.
- 42F. Characters can be broken down to personality traits, appearance, motivation, catchphrase, and name.
- 43F. Jobs in game design: Stimulation programmer, script programmer, AF programmer, graphics programmer, UI programmer, tool programmer, and sound and quality assurance.
- 44F. Plan code to fulfill design, solve problems, systematically, allow for exceptions, document code design, document code, plan systems, and don't code without planning.
- 45G. Gameplay consists of the challenges a player must face to arrive at the object of the game and the actions the player is permitted to take to address those challenges.
- 46G. Artificial intelligence, (AI) lets us play multiplayer games when we don't have anyone to play with.
- 47G. Many games incorporate some kind of story as part of the entertainment they present. In conventional games players can find it hard to become immersed.
- 48H. Shoot 'em up games, (shmps) involve shooting things up. ex. space invaders.
- 49H. First person shooters, (FPS) give a perspective through the characters eyes. ex. call of duty.
- 50H. Platform games are one of the most enduring and influential genre of computer games.
- Body Paragraph: Topic: History of video games
- 10C. The first commercial arcade video game, Computer Space by Nutting Associates, was introduced in 1971
- 11C. In 1972, Atari introduced Pong to the arcades.
- 12C. Atari was formed by Nolan Bushnell, the man who developed Computer Space.
- 26C. The word atari comes from the ancient Japanese game of Go and means "you are about to be engulfed." Technically, it is the word used by a player to inform his opponent that he is about to lose, similar to "check" in chess.
- 20C. The Sega Dreamcast was the first console to implement online play over a phone line, calling the systemSega Net.
- 21C. The Microsoft Xbox was the first video game system to provide full support for HDTV.
- 23C. The PlayStation 2 was the first video game system to use DVD technology.
- 25C. Nintendo's Game Boy was the most successful game system ever, with more than 100 million units sold worldwide.
- 29D. The video game industry is valued at 70 Billion Dollars worldwide.
- 30D.Two-thirds of American households play games 60% are male, 40% are female.
- 33D. The first gaming console to ever ship with an internal memory was the SEGA Saturn and it shipped with about one megabyte of memory.
- 35D. The best-selling consoles of all time are the PlayStation 2 and Nintendo DS both tied with an about 155 million units sold.
- 36D. The highest grossing game of all time is actually World of WarCraft bringing in whopping ten billion dollars over its lifetime.
- 51I. A big problem with virtual reality is cost: a fully immersive set up such as a CAVE where someone is able to interact with objects in an enclosed space is expensive
- 52I. semi-immersive set up such as a pair of virtual reality glasses, low cost data glove and games console
- 53I. There is talk about using nanotechnology as a means of allowing us to push beyond the boundaries of the human body and enter into the digital world
- 55I.Virtual reality is a form of technology which creates computer generated worlds or immersive environments which people can explore and in many cases, interact with.
- 56I. Virtual reality has its advocates and opponents which are mainly due to a lack of understanding about this technology and its capabilities.
- 57I. Unrealistic expectations coupled with lack of awareness regarding technical limitations means that for many people, virtual
- r58I. The concepts behind virtual reality are based upon theories about a long held human desire to escape the boundaries of the ‘real world’ by embracing cyberspace.eality is difficult to grasp or even take seriously.
- 59I. The aim is to move beyond standard forms of interaction such as the keyboard and mouse which most people work with on a daily basis
- 60I.allows someone to fully immerse themselves in a highly visual world which they explore by means of their senses. This natural form of interaction within this world often results in new forms of communication and understanding.
- 62I. Virtual reality also acts as a problem solving device in that it enables us to explore various options as a means of finding an answer to a problem.
- 64I. Augmented Reality, this involves literally augmenting reality with virtual information
- 65I. Virtual worlds, such as Second Life, are played over the internet using a Mac or PC. Such applications open up a sandbox, allowing you to manipulate the world around you and can often feature their own currencies, with exchange rates to boot.
- 67J. Researchers believe new immersive technology could lead to isolation, but maybe when social needs are met online, people won't need in-person interaction as much.
- 70J. If virtual reality becomes a part of people’s day-to-day lives, more and more people may prefer to spend a majority of their time in virtual spaces.
- 73K. virtual reality or visual simulations earned $36.2 billion in 2002, up from $22 billion in 2001. That figure seems large, but it is only a tiny fraction of the amount that the whole computer industry makes.
- 75K. researchers wonder whether long-term use of virtual reality might cause permanent changes, especially in children, whose brains are still developing and therefore are more easily modified than those of adults.
Paper
The History and Opinions of Game Design
Dru Thompson
Senior Project
Mr. Copeland
Fall 2015
Dru Thompson
Senior Project
Mr. Copeland
Fall 2015
Video games have come a long way, the entertaining history of this digital craze is key in understanding how video games operate. In this current day and age video games are incredibly advanced and realistic, however technology is always advancing and video games advance with it, as video games advance more job opportunities are created. There exists a heated debate in which console gaming and PC gaming are compared and contrasted, however both platforms have their perks and faults. Although some are against the idea, in a few years it is possible society will be able to enjoy complete virtual reality.
Video games were just recently created, but in the short time they have existed they have advanced beyond imagination. “The first commercial arcade video game, Computer Space by Nutting Associates, was introduced in 1971,” Source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com America was beyond impressed with the technology of game design in the seventies, whereas in 2015 we would see it as extremely outdated. “In 1972, Atari introduced Pong to the arcades,” Source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com the Atari was the first gaming console, pong is usually seen as the first video game created due to its popularity in the time period. “Atari was formed by Nolan Bushnell, the man who developed Computer Space,” Source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com
Nolan Bushnell is considered the father of video games, his background in engineering made the creation of the Atari possible. “The word atari comes from the ancient Japanese game of Go and means "you are about to be engulfed." Technically, it is the word used by a player to inform his opponent that he is about to lose, similar to "check" in chess.” Source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com. This is an appropriate name for the first gaming system, and relates to the Japanese roots of technology.
The job field involved with game design is a fairly new industry, many people of this generation are looking to go into this interesting field. “Employment in software developing is projected to grow 22% in 2012-2022.” Source: animationcareerreview.com. The popularity of this field also makes it an incredibly competitive one, only the best of the best are able to make it in the game industry. The competitive nature of game design makes many people skeptical to pursue a career. “Video game designers use a combination of technology, science, engineering, mathematics, and design to complete games. “Source: animationcareerreview.com. Most designers have degrees focusing on computer science, computer engineering, or just game design itself, although many colleges do not offer a game design degree.
Video games are extremely popular all over the world, millions of people purchase thousands of games daily! “Average game designer salary is $90,060 per year,” Source: animationcareerreview.com the popularity of video games contributes to the somewhat large salary of game designers. “Some games take years to complete with a whole crew of people working on them,” Source: thecreatorsproject.vice.com because it takes so many people to work on one game there are many employment opportunities for the various components of game design. One component of the process is sound design, “sound design has many components, including score composition, voice acting, and the sounds of multiple objects.” Source: thecreatorsproject.vice.com. Sound design is one of the most vital parts of the designing process, without sound a game is extremely dull and lacks immersion. Sound designers create game music, character voices, and action sounds.
“Multiple writers and writing is involved in game design,” Source:thecreatorsproject.vice.com writers are the people who create storylines and objectives for games, writers create the soul of the game. “Many games incorporate some kind of story as part of the entertainment they present. In conventional games players can find it hard to become immersed,” the goal of writers is create an easily immersive game. “Some jobs in game design are: Stimulation programmer, script programmer, AF programmer, graphics programmer, UI programmer, and tool programmer.” The programmers mainly do all the coding and programming of the in-game actions and events, they are the reason the game is playable. “Gameplay consists of the challenges a player must face to arrive at the object of the game and the actions the player is permitted to take to address those challenges,” Source: Adams, Ernest; Rollings, Andrew Programmers create these challenges, and the solutions to these challenges.
Video game designers are able to design a variety of games for different platforms, or they are able to adapt games to fit other platforms. This is why games are available for PC, Xbox, PlayStation, or even mobile phones! “Video game designers also create games for the mobile, education, and web design industry,” Source:thecreatorsproject.vice.com Companies sometimes ask game designers to create specific games for entertainment, education, or even job training stimulations.
Console gaming is when gamers play their games with the help of a console, like an Xbox or PlayStation. PC gaming is when gamers use their personal computer or laptop to play games. The two different platforms are vastly different, many believe that PC gaming is superior to console gaming due to the ability to increase graphics and resolution. Console gaming is where video games began, however many serious gamers use both PC and console to play their favorite games.
“The PlayStation was originally designed as a Nintendo Console with Sony to make the inside components when Nintendo console changed their minds about making the console Sony decided to go ahead make the PlayStation.” Source: http://www.technotification.com The PlayStation is an incredibly popular console that has changed over time, beginning with the original PlayStation and ending with the current PlayStation 4. If the PlayStation was a Nintendo console the entire history of video games would be changed! There is a significant difference in Sony, (maker of the PlayStation), Nintendo, and Microsoft, (maker of the Xbox.) “The PlayStation 3 uses a Cell processor. Developed by Toshiba and IBM specifically for the game system,” “The Xbox 360's processor is a customized Power-PC based CPU from IBM,” “The Nintendo Wii's processor is an IBM Broadway 729 megahertz (MHz) processor.” Source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com. The distinct differences in these consoles makes for a different playing experience on all of them, because of this many people have multiple consoles in their homes. All three of these consoles can connect to the internet, enabling gamers to play games online with friends or strangers. The Xbox Kinect even enables gamers to video chat with their Xbox consoles.
On the other end of the spectrum PC gaming changes the entire game, literally! The most noticeable difference is the graphics, “High-end gaming computers have been running games at high resolutions for years and deliver a true HD experience. You also have the option to upgrade your video card to meet the demands of newer technology.” Source: velocitymicro.com A large difference between console and PC gaming is the controllers, consoles usually have one form of controller that gamers use to play the games, “When you play a game that relies on this level of pinpoint accuracy, you won’t get better results than with a mouse or keyboard.” Source: velocitymicro.com Using a mouse and keyboard gives you more accuracy than using a controller on a console. “PC gaming, offers a variety of fresh game mods from community game players that breathe new life into old games.” Source: velocitymicro.com Modding games is incredibly fun, it allows you to customize and create in games that have already been created. “PCs always have the option to be upgraded, expanded and modified. A gaming console does not. This makes gaming computers a better investment with the option to adapt the hardware to your game playing style.” Source: velocitymicro.com PC’s are able to be easily upgraded and customized, consoles on the other hand cannot be upgraded past a certain point put in place by the manufacturer. “If you enjoy playing older games, PC games often get free, unofficial support, bug fixes, enhancements and new hardware support. Console games get nothing.” Source: velocitymicro.com. While consoles are generally universal, PC’s all have similar components and skeletons and more support is offered to PC’s and PC games.
“Games today feature richly textured, full-color graphics, awesome sound and complex interaction between player and system,” Source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com the graphics of games are constantly becoming more realistic and complex. “Just like the world of computers, video game systems are constantly getting better” Source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com as technology advances video games advance with it to keep up with the technology, at the rate computers are advancing the possibilities for video games are endless.
A very real possibility for the future of video games is complete virtual reality, “Virtual reality is a form of technology which creates computer generated worlds or immersive environments which people can explore and in many cases, interact with.” Source: www.vrs.org.uk. While many gamers are excited for the concept of virtual reality, it isn’t necessarily realistic or cheap “A big problem with virtual reality is cost: a fully immersive set up such as a CAVE where someone is able to interact with objects in an enclosed space is expensive.” Source: www.vrs.org.uk. The technology involved in virtual reality is highly complex and somewhat difficult to understand, in order to have players feel like they are actually in the game, game developers use nanotechnology. “Nanotechnology is the branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 nanometers, especially the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules” Source: www.oxforddictionaries.com
Many people have mixed feelings about virtual reality, “Virtual reality has its advocates and opponents which are mainly due to a lack of understanding about this technology and its capabilities.” Source: www.vrs.org.uk. Many people do not fully understand virtual reality, unrealistic expectations and a lack of understanding can make virtual reality difficult to grasp and take seriously. “The concepts behind virtual reality are based upon theories about a long held human desire to escape the boundaries of the ‘real world’ by embracing cyberspace.” Source: www.vrs.org.uk. Many skeptics of virtual reality believe that “for better or worse, constant to virtual exposure reality could completely transform human consciousness. Critics fear that large numbers of people might come to prefer virtual worlds to the real one.” Source: www.theatlantic.com. On the other end of the spectrum, “Other commentators, however, think that the power to share virtual worlds could be a beautiful thing, raising human consciousness to new heights” Source: www.theatlantic.com
“ In Silicon Valley, in 1985, a ragtag band of programmers began exploring the concept of virtual reality from a tiny cottage in Palo Alto, spearheaded by the 24-year-old Jaron Lanier, VPL Research helped make VR a buzzword in the mid-to-late 80s and earned substantial investment, before filing for bankruptcy at the decade’s end.” Source:www.theatlantic.com. This was the first time virtual reality was introduced to the world, however in 1985 we didn’t have the technology to support virtual reality. “Microsoft revealed Project HoloLens, a headset that creates high-definition holograms, which has been secretly under development since around 2010, according to Wired.” Source: Source:www.theatlantic.com.
Currently there is a product called the oculus rift, “The Rift is a virtual reality head-mounted display developed by Oculus VR. It was initially proposed in a Kickstarter campaign, during which Oculus VR (at the time an independent company) raised US$2.5 million for the development of the product.” Source: www.oculus.com The Oculus Rift is only currently available to a select few people, but is scheduled to release to the public in 2016.
Video games have always been a controversial topic, and like all controversial topics it has its supporters and its critics. The fact of the matter is that video games will always be a part of our society, and they will continue to advance with technology. The multiple platforms that video games are available on will also continue to advance and grow, possibly creating new platforms all together. The heated debate on which platform is better will also continue to grow and most likely never reach an agreement.
Works Cited
.
The History and Opinions of Game Design
Dru Thompson
Senior Project
Mr. Copeland
Fall 2015
Dru Thompson
Senior Project
Mr. Copeland
Fall 2015
Video games have come a long way, the entertaining history of this digital craze is key in understanding how video games operate. In this current day and age video games are incredibly advanced and realistic, however technology is always advancing and video games advance with it, as video games advance more job opportunities are created. There exists a heated debate in which console gaming and PC gaming are compared and contrasted, however both platforms have their perks and faults. Although some are against the idea, in a few years it is possible society will be able to enjoy complete virtual reality.
Video games were just recently created, but in the short time they have existed they have advanced beyond imagination. “The first commercial arcade video game, Computer Space by Nutting Associates, was introduced in 1971,” Source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com America was beyond impressed with the technology of game design in the seventies, whereas in 2015 we would see it as extremely outdated. “In 1972, Atari introduced Pong to the arcades,” Source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com the Atari was the first gaming console, pong is usually seen as the first video game created due to its popularity in the time period. “Atari was formed by Nolan Bushnell, the man who developed Computer Space,” Source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com
Nolan Bushnell is considered the father of video games, his background in engineering made the creation of the Atari possible. “The word atari comes from the ancient Japanese game of Go and means "you are about to be engulfed." Technically, it is the word used by a player to inform his opponent that he is about to lose, similar to "check" in chess.” Source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com. This is an appropriate name for the first gaming system, and relates to the Japanese roots of technology.
The job field involved with game design is a fairly new industry, many people of this generation are looking to go into this interesting field. “Employment in software developing is projected to grow 22% in 2012-2022.” Source: animationcareerreview.com. The popularity of this field also makes it an incredibly competitive one, only the best of the best are able to make it in the game industry. The competitive nature of game design makes many people skeptical to pursue a career. “Video game designers use a combination of technology, science, engineering, mathematics, and design to complete games. “Source: animationcareerreview.com. Most designers have degrees focusing on computer science, computer engineering, or just game design itself, although many colleges do not offer a game design degree.
Video games are extremely popular all over the world, millions of people purchase thousands of games daily! “Average game designer salary is $90,060 per year,” Source: animationcareerreview.com the popularity of video games contributes to the somewhat large salary of game designers. “Some games take years to complete with a whole crew of people working on them,” Source: thecreatorsproject.vice.com because it takes so many people to work on one game there are many employment opportunities for the various components of game design. One component of the process is sound design, “sound design has many components, including score composition, voice acting, and the sounds of multiple objects.” Source: thecreatorsproject.vice.com. Sound design is one of the most vital parts of the designing process, without sound a game is extremely dull and lacks immersion. Sound designers create game music, character voices, and action sounds.
“Multiple writers and writing is involved in game design,” Source:thecreatorsproject.vice.com writers are the people who create storylines and objectives for games, writers create the soul of the game. “Many games incorporate some kind of story as part of the entertainment they present. In conventional games players can find it hard to become immersed,” the goal of writers is create an easily immersive game. “Some jobs in game design are: Stimulation programmer, script programmer, AF programmer, graphics programmer, UI programmer, and tool programmer.” The programmers mainly do all the coding and programming of the in-game actions and events, they are the reason the game is playable. “Gameplay consists of the challenges a player must face to arrive at the object of the game and the actions the player is permitted to take to address those challenges,” Source: Adams, Ernest; Rollings, Andrew Programmers create these challenges, and the solutions to these challenges.
Video game designers are able to design a variety of games for different platforms, or they are able to adapt games to fit other platforms. This is why games are available for PC, Xbox, PlayStation, or even mobile phones! “Video game designers also create games for the mobile, education, and web design industry,” Source:thecreatorsproject.vice.com Companies sometimes ask game designers to create specific games for entertainment, education, or even job training stimulations.
Console gaming is when gamers play their games with the help of a console, like an Xbox or PlayStation. PC gaming is when gamers use their personal computer or laptop to play games. The two different platforms are vastly different, many believe that PC gaming is superior to console gaming due to the ability to increase graphics and resolution. Console gaming is where video games began, however many serious gamers use both PC and console to play their favorite games.
“The PlayStation was originally designed as a Nintendo Console with Sony to make the inside components when Nintendo console changed their minds about making the console Sony decided to go ahead make the PlayStation.” Source: http://www.technotification.com The PlayStation is an incredibly popular console that has changed over time, beginning with the original PlayStation and ending with the current PlayStation 4. If the PlayStation was a Nintendo console the entire history of video games would be changed! There is a significant difference in Sony, (maker of the PlayStation), Nintendo, and Microsoft, (maker of the Xbox.) “The PlayStation 3 uses a Cell processor. Developed by Toshiba and IBM specifically for the game system,” “The Xbox 360's processor is a customized Power-PC based CPU from IBM,” “The Nintendo Wii's processor is an IBM Broadway 729 megahertz (MHz) processor.” Source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com. The distinct differences in these consoles makes for a different playing experience on all of them, because of this many people have multiple consoles in their homes. All three of these consoles can connect to the internet, enabling gamers to play games online with friends or strangers. The Xbox Kinect even enables gamers to video chat with their Xbox consoles.
On the other end of the spectrum PC gaming changes the entire game, literally! The most noticeable difference is the graphics, “High-end gaming computers have been running games at high resolutions for years and deliver a true HD experience. You also have the option to upgrade your video card to meet the demands of newer technology.” Source: velocitymicro.com A large difference between console and PC gaming is the controllers, consoles usually have one form of controller that gamers use to play the games, “When you play a game that relies on this level of pinpoint accuracy, you won’t get better results than with a mouse or keyboard.” Source: velocitymicro.com Using a mouse and keyboard gives you more accuracy than using a controller on a console. “PC gaming, offers a variety of fresh game mods from community game players that breathe new life into old games.” Source: velocitymicro.com Modding games is incredibly fun, it allows you to customize and create in games that have already been created. “PCs always have the option to be upgraded, expanded and modified. A gaming console does not. This makes gaming computers a better investment with the option to adapt the hardware to your game playing style.” Source: velocitymicro.com PC’s are able to be easily upgraded and customized, consoles on the other hand cannot be upgraded past a certain point put in place by the manufacturer. “If you enjoy playing older games, PC games often get free, unofficial support, bug fixes, enhancements and new hardware support. Console games get nothing.” Source: velocitymicro.com. While consoles are generally universal, PC’s all have similar components and skeletons and more support is offered to PC’s and PC games.
“Games today feature richly textured, full-color graphics, awesome sound and complex interaction between player and system,” Source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com the graphics of games are constantly becoming more realistic and complex. “Just like the world of computers, video game systems are constantly getting better” Source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com as technology advances video games advance with it to keep up with the technology, at the rate computers are advancing the possibilities for video games are endless.
A very real possibility for the future of video games is complete virtual reality, “Virtual reality is a form of technology which creates computer generated worlds or immersive environments which people can explore and in many cases, interact with.” Source: www.vrs.org.uk. While many gamers are excited for the concept of virtual reality, it isn’t necessarily realistic or cheap “A big problem with virtual reality is cost: a fully immersive set up such as a CAVE where someone is able to interact with objects in an enclosed space is expensive.” Source: www.vrs.org.uk. The technology involved in virtual reality is highly complex and somewhat difficult to understand, in order to have players feel like they are actually in the game, game developers use nanotechnology. “Nanotechnology is the branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 nanometers, especially the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules” Source: www.oxforddictionaries.com
Many people have mixed feelings about virtual reality, “Virtual reality has its advocates and opponents which are mainly due to a lack of understanding about this technology and its capabilities.” Source: www.vrs.org.uk. Many people do not fully understand virtual reality, unrealistic expectations and a lack of understanding can make virtual reality difficult to grasp and take seriously. “The concepts behind virtual reality are based upon theories about a long held human desire to escape the boundaries of the ‘real world’ by embracing cyberspace.” Source: www.vrs.org.uk. Many skeptics of virtual reality believe that “for better or worse, constant to virtual exposure reality could completely transform human consciousness. Critics fear that large numbers of people might come to prefer virtual worlds to the real one.” Source: www.theatlantic.com. On the other end of the spectrum, “Other commentators, however, think that the power to share virtual worlds could be a beautiful thing, raising human consciousness to new heights” Source: www.theatlantic.com
“ In Silicon Valley, in 1985, a ragtag band of programmers began exploring the concept of virtual reality from a tiny cottage in Palo Alto, spearheaded by the 24-year-old Jaron Lanier, VPL Research helped make VR a buzzword in the mid-to-late 80s and earned substantial investment, before filing for bankruptcy at the decade’s end.” Source:www.theatlantic.com. This was the first time virtual reality was introduced to the world, however in 1985 we didn’t have the technology to support virtual reality. “Microsoft revealed Project HoloLens, a headset that creates high-definition holograms, which has been secretly under development since around 2010, according to Wired.” Source: Source:www.theatlantic.com.
Currently there is a product called the oculus rift, “The Rift is a virtual reality head-mounted display developed by Oculus VR. It was initially proposed in a Kickstarter campaign, during which Oculus VR (at the time an independent company) raised US$2.5 million for the development of the product.” Source: www.oculus.com The Oculus Rift is only currently available to a select few people, but is scheduled to release to the public in 2016.
Video games have always been a controversial topic, and like all controversial topics it has its supporters and its critics. The fact of the matter is that video games will always be a part of our society, and they will continue to advance with technology. The multiple platforms that video games are available on will also continue to advance and grow, possibly creating new platforms all together. The heated debate on which platform is better will also continue to grow and most likely never reach an agreement.
Works Cited
.
- Animation Career Review. January 5, 2015. Full Sail University. 9-12-15. animationcareerreview.com/articles/video-game-designer-career-profile
- How Stuff Works: Tech. August 13, 2014. How Stuff Works. 9-13-15. http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/video-game2.htm
- Tech Notification. January 8, 2015. Technotification. 9-13-15. http://www.technotification.com/2015/01/15-interesting-video-game-facts.html
- The Creators Project. August 15, 2012. Intel. 9-12-15. thecreatorsproject.vice.com/blog/5-cool-things-I-didn't-know-about-video-game-creation-until-I-looked-them-up
- The Atlantic. February 18, 2015. The Atlantic Company. 9-12-15. http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/02/the-good-and-the-bad-of-escaping-to-virtual-reality/385134/
- Virtual Reality Site. June 18, 2014. Virtual Reality Blog. 9-12-15. http://www.vrs.org.uk/virtual-reality-games/future-expectations.html
- Velocity Micro. September 3, 2014. Velocity Holdings LLC. 10-15-15. www.velocitymicro.com
- Adams, Ernest. Game Design and Development, New York: Rollings,
- Saltzman, Marc. Game Creation and Careers. New Riders Publishing, 2004
- Thompson, Jim. Game Design. Hoboken, NJ, Quatro Publishing Inc, 2007.